BPSC Notes

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BIHAR ECONOMY

• According to the new series of data on Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), the growth rate of Bihar’s economy in 2017-18 was 11.3 percent, increasing from 9.9 percent a year before.
• The Per Capita GSDP in 2017- 18 are — Rs. 42,242 (current prices) and Rs. 31,316 (constant prices, 2011-12).
• Growth rate of different sectors:
• Tertiary Sector: 12.8% (highest)
• Primary Sector: 9.8%
• Secondary Sector: 4.2%
• The sub-sectors that contribute most to the overall economy of Bihar are:

1. mining and quarrying (60.0 percent)
2. manufacturing (17.5 percent)
3. TSCS (transport, storage, communications and services related to broadcasting) (11.4 percent)

• Among the sub- sectors, air transport is seen to have grown at a very high rate of 35.2 percent.
• 3 most prosperous districts in Bihar are —

1. Patna
2. Munger
3. Begusarai

• Three most economically disadvantaged districts are — Madhepura, Supaul and Sheohar.

STATE FINANCES

• The primary deficit of the state government was 2.9 percent of GSDP in 2017-18.

AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS

• Located in the eastern part of India, Bihar has an area of 93.6 lakh hectares, accounting for
  nearly 3 percent of the country’s total geographical area. Primarily, the climate is sub- tropical.
• The cropping intensity in the state: 1.45 (2016-2017).
• Overall, about 56.55 percent of the land was under cultivation in Bihar during 2016-17.
• For promotion of organic farming, farmers have been identified in villages along river Ganges in the districts of Patna, Nalanda, Bhagalpur, Vaishali, Samastipur, Begusarai, Lakhisarai, Khagaria and Munger (organic corridor).

ENTERPRISES SECTOR

• The contribution of industrial sector in GSVA was around 20 percent in the last 3 years.
• In Bihar, 11 sugar mills are presently in operation, of which 9 are part of private sector and
  two of public sector.
• Under the Mukhyamantri Kosi Mulberry Scheme, 7 districts in the Kosi region (Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura, Araria, Kishanganj, Katihar and Purnea) were selected for promotion of mulberry production.
• Between 2016 and 2017, there has been a growth of 13.4 percent in the arrival of tourists.
  More encouragingly, the growth rate of foreign tourists’ arrival was 7.1 percent.

INFRASTRUCTURE

• The road transport has grown annually by 12.9 percent and airways by 35.2 percent.
• Between 2004-05 and 2016-17, Bihar was at the sixth position in terms of additional construction of NH and SH, and at fifth position in the context of other roads. Bihar was at the third position, after Kerala and West Bengal, in terms of road length per hundred sq. km. of geographical area.
• As on September, 2018, the total length of NH was 4917 kms., SH was 4006 kms.
• Darbhanga has been included under UDAN-II Scheme.
• In case of rural tele-density, Bihar is at the second lowest position among major states of India, with 44 connections per 100 people.
• Bihar appears at second position from top in terms of urban tele-density, after Kerala.

ENERGY SECTOR

• The availability of power has increased from an average of 6-8 hours to 18-20 hours in rural areas and from 10-12 hours to 22-24 hours in urban areas.
• The per capita consumption in the state: 280 kWh in 2017-18.
• The total generation capacity of power as of March 2018 for the state was 3889 MW :—

1. Coal-based thermal power: 81.9%
2. Hydro power: 12.3%
3. Renewable energy: 5.8%

• Jeevika scheme: An initiative of Govt. of Bihar for Poverty Alleviation.
• 5 Districts— Sitamarhi, Sheikhpura, Rohtas, Munger and Begusarai, has been declared as ODF.
• In response to National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), clean air action plans are being prepared for Patna, Gaya and Muzaffarpur districts by the Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB).

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

• The state accounts for 8.6 percent of India’s total population, but it has only 3.1 percent of
  country’s total urban population.
• Level of Urbanisation in Bihar: 11.3% (2011).
• Patna accounts for 14 percent of state’s urban population, followed by Gaya, which has a share of 4 percent.
• Under the SMART City Mission scheme, four cities of Bihar (Patna, Bhagalpur, Biharsharif and Muzaffarpur) have been selected.
• In the first phase of the Patna Metro Rail Project, a total length of 16.94 kms has been proposed for the East-West Metro Corridor (Danapur to Mithapur via Bailey Road and railway station).

BANKING AND ALLIED SECTORS

• The Credit-Deposit (CD) ratios in Bihar in 2017-18 was the highest for Cooperative Banks (86.9 percent),
  followed by the Regional Rural Banks (52.3 percent) and Scheduled Commercial Banks (38.8 percent).
• The CD ratio is highest for Purnea (71.6%) and lowest for Bhojpur (28.5%).

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

• The Per Capita Development Expenditure (PCDE) of Bihar has grown at an annual rate of 15.8 percent, compared to 13.7 percent for all-India, between 2011-12 and 2017-18.
• The Life Expectancy at Birth for the state: 68.7 years in 2012-16
• The immunization coverage for children in the age bracket of 12-23 months: 61.7% (according to NFHS-4).
• The literacy rate of Bihar: 61.8%.

Female literacy rate: 51.5%

Male literacy rate: 71.2%

CHILD DEVELOPMENT

• As for Bihar, 48 percent of the population lie in the age group of 0-18 years.
• The state accounts for 11 percent of India’s total child population.
• In Bihar, the process of child budgeting started in 2013-14.

NOTE: Chapterwise notes of Economic Survey will be uploaded soon.

👉🏻 Bihar Current Affairs for 65th Prelims Part-I